George Hosfield, CFA, discusses Ferguson Wellman's quarterly strategy titled, "Inflation's Flame Flickers," which addresses the narrow market leadership, the impact of higher interest rates on inflation and how assets are priced at this stage of the economic cycle.
George Hosfield, CFA, discusses the firm's quarterly strategy titled "Stalemate," which highlights the Fed's ongoing battle to tame inflation along with our views on the health of the banking industry and capital market expectations for the balance of the year.
Director and Chief Investment Officer George Hosfield, CFA, discusses the Fed raising interest rates, peaking inflation and our view on equities and volatility across all asset classes in our Investment Strategy titled, “Balancing Act.”
Today, the Bureau of Labor Statistics published its monthly employment statistics. Especially with the presidential election in full swing, the state of the jobs market is on people’s minds. Let’s step back from today’s numbers and look at the employment over this economic cycle.
The resilience of the equity markets has been quite impressive. At the time of the February lows, pessimism was rampant. Faith in the Chinese economy was shaken, gold was on the rise and there were faint whispers of imminent recession. Fast forward six weeks and the S&P 500 has rallied
The S&P 500 rallied again this week and is back to even for the year. Our original outlook came under pressure from the first day of trading in 2016. We expected rates to be slightly higher for the year and within six weeks the U.S. 10-year Treasury yield had fallen from 2.30 percent to 1.66 percent. We expected stocks to have a modest return of between 5 to 8 percent this year
With change at the economic margin beginning to improve (e.g. recent U.S. payrolls, durable goods orders and manufacturing PMI), investors are beginning to see cyclical elements of the equity market improve. Oil prices are now up year-to-date, energy and industrials are all of a sudden outperforming the broader market, and financials, which so far this year have pulled up the rear, are starting to get a bid.
There are only a handful of retailers left to report their earnings this quarter and thus far, it appears that companies’ results reflect a tough year in 2015. Profit growth declined just over 1 percent from 2014 as weak commodity prices and a strong dollar were major headwinds. This resulted in earnings per share (EPS) for the S&P 500 of $116. There were pockets of strength
State and local governments have finally emerged from the shadows of the Great Recession. This debilitating time period had drastic effects on regional economies – high unemployment and low corporate profits shrunk government coffers. Cash flow that would usually flow to infrastructure and pension plans was diverted to aid unemployed voters and plans to spur economic recovery. Government spending was
Currently, nearly 30 percent of the world's sovereign debt has a negative yield. Said differently, owners of $7 trillion worth of government bonds issued by countries all over the world will get less money than they invested if they hold the bond to maturity.
With U.S. large cap stocks down over 10 percent, it hasn’t been a happy new year for investors. The Fed tried to alleviate fears this week on Capitol Hill by stating that they realize the current volatility may lead to slower economic growth and thus there will be no March rate hike. While the talking heads weren’t impressed with the statement, we believe that it was a positive and highlighted the fact
At first glance, what some investors thought might by a perfect U.S. labor report for January met with a resounding thud in financial markets Friday. It seemed to be one without so many jobs created that the Fed would be forced into raising rates at an uncomfortably fast pace, yet a report that was still strong enough to
As of Thursday this week, roughly one-third of the S&P 500 companies have reported earnings for the fourth quarter of 2016. Of the 171 companies that have reported earnings 8 percent were in-line with expectations, 19 percent had a negative surprise and 72.6 percent reported a positive
That’s the message we heard loud and clear from the markets this week. As economies and markets around the world wobble to start the new year, they were looking to central banks to bail them out. Mario Draghi gave markets around the world some solace with his dovish news conference yesterday.
Earlier this week we lost a music icon. While I was not a big fan of David Bowie, there are a few songs of his that I enjoy. My favorite is “Under Pressure” which he co-wrote with the band Queen in 1981. The title is very appropriate for what we
As we observe U.S. stocks down roughly 5 percent in the first week of 2016, we are reminded of what occurred last fall when Chinese growth concerns and a strong dollar reverberated around the globe. While China accounts for only
Santa Claus left investors with a lump of coal this December. Historically, the S&P 500 is positive in the month of December with a return of roughly 2 percent. 2015 resulted in a flat return, summing up the entire year for investors. There
by Brad Houle, CFAExecutive Vice President
Last week, Third Avenue Management announced that they were freezing withdrawals from a leveraged credit fund. This announcement sent a wave of fear of broader contagion through the high-yield bond market. This fund bought bonds that were both illiquid and very risky from a credit quality perspective. Also, the fund employed leverage (borrowed money) in an attempt to enhance returns. This fund was swinging for the fences and not for risk adverse investors. This turbulence has bled over into the broader category of below investment grade bonds also referred to as high-yield.
Bonds that are below investment grade are often referred to as junk bonds due to the lower credit quality of the issuing companies. Junk bond is a somewhat of a pejorative description of an important part of the bond market. Small companies that are growing, a large engine for the U.S. economy, often fit into the category of below investment grade credit. It is important that there are public market debt financing options available for these entities. Because of the lower credit quality, investors demand more compensation in the form of interest in order to loan these companies money. Due to the lower credit quality there is a higher potential default risk for these bonds.
The genesis of this recent sell-off in the high-yield bond market has been the decline in the price of oil. Many smaller oil and gas companies use the high-yield debt market to finance their operations. When the price of oil declines these small oil and gas companies make less money and have more difficulty paying back the money they have borrowed. As a result, the prices on high-yield bonds in that segment of the market declined. Retail investors in mutual funds became nervous, withdrawing money from high-yield mutual funds and, to meet redemptions, the fund managers had to sell what they could to meet the investor demand for money. This dynamic has caused other parts of the high-yield bond market to decline as well.
Another wrinkle to this negative situation has been the decline in liquidity in the bond market. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act that came from the financial crisis with the intention of reforming Wall Street has helped to create this predicament. Dodd-Frank severely limits the ability of large bank bond trading departments to inventory bonds, making building an effective market difficult due to capital requirements.
The higher quality investment grade market is where we invest our clients’ fixed income assets. Thus far, the investment grade bond market has only been modestly impacted by the sell-off. By comparison, the Barclays High Yield Index has declined 4.7 percent this year versus the Barclays Investment Grade Intermediate Credit Index which has returned 1 percent.
Our Takeaways from the Week
by Shawn Narancich, CFAExecutive Vice President of Research
Awaiting Lift-Off
Following last week’s solid jobs report, a clear plurality of investors now expect the Federal Reserve to raise short-term interest rates next week. But once the Fed has achieved lift-off, what then? Amid ongoing dollar strength and falling energy prices, corporate profits have stagnated this year and economic growth remains pedestrian, causing concern about more of the same in 2016, but with less monetary accommodation along the way. We expect the path of Fed rate tightening to be gradual because inflation remains nearly non-existent. Even excluding food and fuel prices, so called “core inflation” also remains notably below the Fed’s 2 percent objective.
Mission Partly Accomplished
What we do have, and what is leading to the end of zero interest rate policy, is a state of relatively full employment. Although the labor force participation rate remains near decade low levels, the Fed rightfully sees its full employment mandate as having been achieved. In turn, we have seen stirrings of labor cost inflation, both statistically and anecdotally. The employment cost index is finally nearing 3 percent after having spent a prolonged stretch below that mark. Real life examples include fast food restaurants like McDonald’s and retailers Wal-Mart and TJ Maxx having to boost wage rates to keep employees; the degree to which labor inflation takes hold more broadly will be important to gauge, as this combined with the productivity of labor determine what we believe to be the single most enduring predictor of consumer price inflation – unit labor costs. Perhaps because of muted levels of capital spending later in the economic cycle, workers’ productivity has proven to be disappointing in recent quarters, increasing upward risk to this key measure. As the Yellen Fed achieves lift-off from zero percent interest rates, it will be closely tracking its labor force dashboard in helping to determine how fast and how high rates ultimately go.
OPEC Laissez-Faire
OPEC finished its latest and much anticipated meeting in Austria last Friday much like we expected, acceding to the current level of the 12-member cartel’s production, but apparently not making any plans to accommodate additional liftings from Iran once UN sanctions are lifted, as expected sometime early next year. While some thought OPEC would cut production, this outcome never seemed likely. Lead producer Saudi Arabia’s strategy has come into focus – keep oil prices low enough, long enough, to accommodate its recapture of market share and stimulate enough additional demand to tighten oil markets naturally. In essence, the cartel has ceased to act as one. By all accounts, the meeting was highly contentious and unusually long, the result of discord that saw members Venezuela, Nigeria and Ecuador argue unsuccessfully for reduced liftings.
Black Gold?
Oil prices fell on the news last Friday and have proceeded to breach late August support levels of $40/barrel. Not helping oil bulls’ cause is news this week that Iraqi production gains have boosted OPEC production to fresh three-year highs in November at the same time the El Nino weather phenomenon has warmed the Northern Hemisphere and squelched early season demand for heating oil, an important seasonal product of crude oil. These headwinds notwithstanding, we maintain our belief that oil markets will tighten as U.S. production continues to roll over, non-OPEC, ex-U.S. production stagnates, and oil demand again grows at a faster than anticipated clip. Barring a market share war within OPEC (one that would be fought with limited means given how little excess production capacity the cartel has), Saudi’s de facto strategy appears destined to succeed. We see modest levels of oversupply morphing into undersupply as 2016 progresses. After all, the following adage holds – the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices.
Our Takeaways from the Week
by Brad Houle, CFAExecutive Vice President
This week, a few of us at Ferguson Wellman had the opportunity to attend a lunch presentation where Dr. John Williams, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, was speaking.
He started his remarks with a disclaimer that everything he was about to say was his own opinion and not the opinion of the Federal Reserve. That said, one can imagine that there are detailed guidelines around what Fed Governors can say in a public setting.
“Jawboning” is an expression for the Fed communicating its intentions to the market. Dr. Williams’ comments were being reported in real time on Bloomberg as well as other financial media outlets. These days, what the Fed says it is going to do is as important or more important that what it actually does. This week, Dr. Williams conveyed the message that the Fed was going to raise rates at the next Fed meeting without actually saying so.
One of the takeaways from the presentation was the how the Fed thinks about inflation and the lag between monetary policy changes and the actual impact. Dr. Williams said this about inflation: "The inflation side of the equation is where the winds are blowing colder than I’d like.” For those of us who lived through the ’70s and ’80s, the need for higher inflation seems anathema to a healthy economy, but that’s where we are right now. He also said, “Inflation is like wine … a little bit is actually good for you.”
With respect to the lag between monetary policy changes and the impact, Dr. Williams said, "Milton Friedman famously taught us that monetary policy has long and variable lags. Research shows it takes at least a year or two for it to have its full effect." Looking at the current inflation data in the context of this logic supports why the Fed will most likely raise interest rates even if inflation is below the 2 percent target.
There was a question from the audience regarding the notion that economic data is backward looking, yet Fed Governors are tasked with being forward looking. How would they reconcile the two? Dr. Williams shared how the Federal Reserve Governors are regionally based with volunteer boards within their districts. He said that they spend a lot of time speaking with business owners, bankers and other community leaders who live in the district. These efforts are a critical source of forward-looking information for the Fed.
Communication from the Federal Reserve increased greatly under Chairman Bernanke and has continued under the Yellen Fed. It was fascinating to glimpse a small step in the Fed's painstaking and deliberate communication with the financial markets.
With that, today’s U.S. jobs market report of 211,000 new jobs in November seems to seal the deal that interest rates are going to rise this month. The market responded favorably today with a 2 percent rally in the S&P 500 and the U.S. dollar strengthening as well. This confirms that, in addition to comments from the Fed, when economic data speaks – the markets listen.
Our Takeaways from the Week
by Ralph Cole, CFAExecutive Vice President of Research
Homeward Bound
Thanksgiving is the busiest travel time of the year. Families are crisscrossing the country returning to their childhood homes to celebrate the holiday. And one thing we should all be thankful for is a healthy housing market.
Earlier this week it was reported that the S&P 500/Case-Shiller Home Price index rose 5.5 percent from the prior year. Home prices remain 20 percent below levels reached in 2006 on average, but what is more important than the home price level is the change from one cycle to the next. From 2000 through 2006, home prices doubled at an unsustainable pace and we all paid the price. The current cycle is much more measured and thus, much more durable in our mind.
Home Is What You Make It
Prices are just one part of the overall housing equation. Below you can see housing starts for the past 30 years. Housing starts in the U.S. are just now barely above levels reached at the bottom of the last housing cycle in 1990. The first few years after the housing crash we experienced low rates of construction before it finally started to accelerate in late 2011.
The Incredible Journey
A continued rise in housing starts is needed to offset continued strong demand for new homes. If supply were too low, we would expect home prices to accelerate at a faster pace, making them less affordable. To this point, the market seems to be in balance.
Takeaways for the week
by Jason Norris, CFAExecutive Vice President of Research
Back in Business Again
It has been a volatile year for equities and as we head into the holiday season, that doesn’t look to dissipate. After the 12 percent sell-off investors went through over the past few months (Fed rate hike concerns, China market crash, Greek debt issues and the constant geo-political flare-ups), the S&P 500 has rallied back, culminating with its best week of the year. While 2014 proved to be a narrow market, 2015 is even more so. When you look at the 10 largest U.S. companies (see table below), you notice the majority of them, have enjoyed significantly greater returns than the 3 percent for the S&P 500.
Source: FactSet data through Nov 20, 2015
What is even more dramatic is that three stocks were responsible for all of this return: Amazon, Alphabet/Google and Facebook.
There have been prior periods of large cap driven markets, coupled with a handful of names driving that performance. But what we have experienced this year is less than a handful of mega cap names delivering all the index returns.
One thing to note on this narrow focus is the emphasis on “growth.” The sell-off we experienced this summer was a classic “growth” scare. Investors believed that due to the strong dollar and the slowdown in China would cause global economic growth to slow. While we’ve seen some stabilization in the equity market, there is still concern over global economic growth. As such, investors have been willing to “pay up” for growth companies and avoid cheaper names that are tied to the face of economic growth. For instance, the three stocks mentioned earlier trade at substantial premiums to the overall market.
Source: FactSet data through Nov 20, 2015
Investors are paying a lot more for a dollar of earnings for a select few names due to the concern over growth. This has resulted in growth stocks returning roughly 7 percent this year, while value stocks are down 2 percent.
Takeaways for the Week:
Our Takeaways for the Week
by Brad Houle, CFA
Executive Vice President
Millennials get a bad rap. They are characterized as the generation that was born between 1980 and 2000 and are often considered to be indulged and coddled. They are often accused of being the by-products of a society where everyone receives a participation trophy. This is quite different than the baby boomer generation, born at the end of World War II through the mid-60s and often considered wealthy, active and the result of an economic boom. And while the millennial birth rate in 1990 matched the 1957 baby boomer birth rate with greater than 4 million births, similarities between the two generations begin and end there.
Following the baby boom of the 1950s, there was a significant pick up in household formations roughly 20 years later. Consumer spending on the acquisition of homes, furniture and other durable goods define household formations, which makes up almost 70 percent of our gross domestic product or, said differently, our national income. This consumer consumption of household formation drives the economy and the millennials cannot keep up the pace. According to Federal Reserve data from 1997 to 2007, about 1.5 million households were formed on average each year in the United States. Then the Great Recession hit, and in the ensuing three years, the rate fell to 500,000 per year.
In addition, the Great Recession resulted in a drop in millennial independent living. The Pew Research Center, in the first third of 2015, found that 67 percent of millennials were living independently, compared with 69 percent of 18-to-34 year olds living apart from family in 2010 and 71 percent in 2007. Also, unemployment in the millennial demographic shot up over 12 percent during the recession. Moving back in with Mom and Dad and/or possibly pursuing further education became a viable option for many in the group.
Today we learned that current unemployment has dropped to around 5 percent. This begs the question: If unemployment has improved, why are millennials still so reluctant to leave the nest? The rising cost of tuition, the student loan debt that results and an increased home down payment are thought to be a few of the culprits of these nest-bound millennials. The College Board, responsible for several standardized college tests such as the SAT, points out that the average “published tuition and fees at public four-year colleges and universities increased by 13 percent in 2015 dollars over the five years from 2010-2011 to 2015-2016, following a 24 percent increase between 2005-2006 and 2010-2011.” As a result, according to the Brookings Institute, the average balance of outstanding student loan debt for households with some debt was $25,700. In addition, following the financial crisis the required down payment on a home was raised to 20 percent. Considering these factors, it is possible this generation is making rational economic choices by living at home as opposed to a desire to have their parents clean their room for them.
Ned Davis Research estimates that there are roughly 3 million incremental millennial households that have yet to be formed. As millennials leave the comfort of their parent's basement, pay off their student debt and join the real world, this household formation could be a tailwind for the housing market as well as the consumer economy.
The employment report for the month of October was released on Friday and was much better than expected. 271,000 jobs were created in October and there was an upward revision to the number of jobs created in the prior month. As mentioned earlier, unemployment dropped to 5 percent and the average hourly earnings was up more than expected rising 2.5 percent on a year-over-year basis. With this stronger-than-expected data the implied probability of a Federal Reserve rate increase is now at 70 percent for the month of December.
Our Takeaways from the Week
